THE GERUND (Part II)
Exercise 1. Read, analyse and remember:
DOING
1. She was busy doing her exercises.
2. Do you think this question is worth discussing?
Форма indefinite gerund active обычно показывает, что обозначаемое ею действие одновременно действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым (1), или следует за ним (2).
HAVING DONE
1. I'm sure of having read it once.
2. I'm tired of having argued with you for such a long time.
3. I don't remember having seen him before.
Форма perfect gerund active употребляется, чтобы выразить действие, которое предшествует действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым, или описываемой ситуации.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
В некоторых случаях предшествование может быть выражено и формой indefinite gerund active.
а) после глаголов: to remember, to thank, to excuse, to forget.
I can still remember running down the sandhills in the morning.
Я все еще помню, как по утрам сбегала вниз по дюнам.
б) после предлогов after, on, before, without, since.
After leaving her umbrella in the hall, she entered the room.
Оставив зонтик в прихожей, она вошла в комнату.
(perfect gerund active здесь также возможен)
After having left her umbrella in the hall, she entered the room.
Exercise 2. Read, analyse and remember:
BEING DONE
1. I like being invited to their parties.
2. He entered the room without being noticed.
HAVING BEEN DONE
1. I remember having been shown this letter.
2. He could not speak after having been interrupted.
Формы passive gerund называют действие, которое испытывает лицо или предмет, обозначенный подлежащим предложения.
СРАВНИТЕ:
Active Gerund
1. I remember having shown her the letter.
2. I must apologize for having interrupted you.
Passive Gerund
1. I remember having been shown the letter.
2. He could not speak after having been interrupted.
В основном используется indefiite gerund active, реже - perfect gerund active и indefinite gerund passive, perfect gerund passive употребляется крайне редко.
Exercise 3. Join the sentences as in the example. Use the gerund (active or passive).
Example: I have read this magazine. I am sure. - I am sure of having read this magazine.
1. We have seen this film. We are sure.
2. They have asked me about it. I remember.
3. I have given her the book. I remember.
4. She has been so rude. She is sorry.
5. He entered the room. Nobody noticed him.
6. They have shown me the letter. I remember.
Exercise 4. Read the story One Man in a Boat and answer the questions:
Is the man really interested in fishing? What is the only thing that interests him?
Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of fishing fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything - not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. "You must give up fishing!" my friends say. "It's a waste of time." But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
Exercise 5. Join these pairs of sentences with the words given in brackets. Make all the necessary changes.
1. I often fish for hours. (without) I don't catch anything.
2. (Instead) They don't catch fish. They catch old boots and rubbish.
3. (After) I spent whole mornings on the river. I always go home with an empty bag.
4. He went out of the library. (without) He did not take any book.
5. She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.
6. Think carefully. (before) Answer my question.
7. He sat there. (without) He did not say anything.
8. (After) He looked at his watch. He hurried to the station.
Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary.
1. Nothing could prevent her _______buying it.
2. Are you thinking _____leaving?
3. She was thankful _______being invited to the party.
4. They are particularly clever ______finding mushrooms.
5. I thanked him ______lending me the reference book.
6. We succeeded _______having built the country cottage.
7. I don't like his habit ______making others wait.
8. We couldn't help ______arguing.
9. What's the use _______refusing his offer?
10.The poor can't afford _______buying a new flat.
11. I don't like his way _______singing the song.
12. Do you mind _______my waiting here?
13. Bill prefers ______riding a bicycle ______walking.
14. I'm against ________your going there alone.
15. Do you think him foolish _______having told a lie?
16. Father was busy _______reading an article.
17. Mother is good ______making birthday cakes.
18. People hate _______being deceived (...когда их обманывают).
19. The boy was sorry _______having missed the performance.
20. It is no use _______learning this poem by heart.
21. He was proud _______having been chosen for the main role in the film.
22. Who is responsible ________keeping the room in good order?
23. Everything depends ________being serious.
24. We're looking forward ________seeing you again.
25. She always complains ________feeling unwell.
26. The old man can't stand ________being told what he should do.
27. These clothes need _______ washing.
Exercise 7. Supply the Active or Passive Gerund of the verbs in brackets:
1. It's no use . . . (save) time if you don't know how to spend it.
2. After . . . (save) from drowning he was sure to be hanged.
3. The greatest pleasure in life is ... (do) what people say you cannot do. (S.Bagehot)
4. The hen is an egg's way of ... (produce) another hen. (S.Butler)
5. He left without . . . (say) good bye.
6. Pupils саn't learn a language by ... (teach) its rules.
7. ... (learn) rules without examples is useless.
8. I prefer driving to ... (drive).
9. The art of ... (live) consists in the art of . . . (use) experience - your own and other people's. (R. W.Emerson)
10. After . . . (admire) by the world the great actress is now completely forgotten.
11. Flattery is ... (tell) the other man precisely what he thinks of himself.
12. I can't waste any time . . . (make) money.
13. Stop . . . (read), start. . . (live).
14. ... (study) history warns against. . . (make) it. (H.S.Huskins)
15. To many people the greatest pleasure seems to be the pleasure of... (admire).
16. It is an unpleasant truth that when man already has "something worth . . . (fight) for", he doesn't feel like . . . (fight). (E.Hoffer)
17. Some of these sayings are indeed worth . . . (remember).